From a dog-training point of view, clicker training can be easily adapted to "target" a given behaviour in a given situation, so it`s great for training young puppies to ignore cats! If you want to, you could think about one or two private sessions with a good trainer to teach you the basics, if you are not familiar with them or would like a refresher.
Do you have any friends with bomb-proof cats who you could visit to start to teach your dog to "ignore" any cat? This may be a good grounding if and when you get another cat or kitten.
Why not consider a rescued kitten which has been fostered with dogs? I have dogs who are used to kittens, and the kittens are then bought up not to run at the sight of a dog. It may take them a day or two in a new home for a good balance to be achieved, but most of the groundwork has been done here. My dogs are used to multi-kittens playing around them, and have been taught to accept this. However, this is within their own home.
I always pen my little kittens when I`m not around just in case! How about doing something similar at first, better safe then sorry! With training, patience and a sensible, safe approach anything is possible!
This is my Lily when she was a little kittie, snuggled up with Forrest. I had him aged 17 months old, no training and so completely out of control. Look how far he came - this was taken when he was 12, and he had not met a cat until he was 3.